THE BRIEF ABOUT OUR BREATH

 

                           WHY BOTHER WITH BREATH?

                         YOGA  AND THE BODY OF ENERGY

                       MANY READERS WILL BE SURPRISED TO FIND A WHOLE BOOK DEVOTED TO THE SUBJECT OF BREATHING, FOR THE STUDY OF BREATH HAS NOT RECEIVED MUCH ATTENTION IN WESTERN MEDICINE. IN A LETTER TO THE EDITOR PRINTED IN A WELL-KNOWN MEDICAL JOURNAL, A PHYSICIAN WAS COMPLAINING ABOUT THE TIME AND MONEY WASTED ON RESEARCH IN TRIVIAL AREAS. "THE NEXT THING YOU KNOW", HE LAMENTED, SOMEONE WILL BE WRITING A BOOK LENGTH DISSERTATION ON "HOW TO BREATHE"! HE COULDN'T IMAGINE A SUBJECT MORE TRIFLING OR A PROCESS MORE OBVIOUS THAN BREATHING.

                    OF COURSE, BREATHING IS A VITAL PROCESS. IF YOU DON'T BREATHE, YOU DON'T LIVE, SO EVERYONE WILL AGREE IT'S IMPORTANT IN THAT SENSE. YET MOST OF US WOULD SAY, "EITHER YOU'RE BREATHING OR YOU'RE NOT. IF YOU'RE BREATHING, THERE'S NO PROBLEM. IF YOU'RE NOT BREATHING, YOU'RE DEAD, SO YOU'RE NOT HAVING ANY PROBLEMS EITHER".

                     PERHAPS IT'S NOT THAT SIMPLE. IN THE EASTERN TRADITIONS THERE HAVE LONG BEEN THOSE WHO WOULD SPEND DECADES STUDYING THE BREATH. IN FACT, THERE ARE ENTIRE MONASTERIES WHERE MOST OF THE FOCUS CENTERS AROUND BREATHING, AND IT IS SAID THAT MANY OF THE SO-CALLED MIRACLES PERFORMED BY YOGIS ARE BASED PRIMARILY ON CONTROL OF THE BREATH. BUT WHY WOULD SO MUCH EMPHASIS BE PLACED ON AN ORDINARY, EVEYDAY  PROCESS LIKE BREATHING?

                             THE MIND/BODY PROBLEM

                  OUR  DIFFICULTY IN UNDERSTANDING WHY BREATHING NIGHT BE SO STRATEGIC TEMS IN PART FROM OUR WESTERN WAY OF LOOKING AT THE WORLD. OUR PERSPECTIVE IS BASED PRIMARILY ON THE STUDY OF MATERIAL PHENOMENA. WE TAKE SOLID THINGS AND ANALYZE THEM PHYSICALLY AND CHEMICALLY. OUR LABORATORY SCIENCE IS BASED ON THE MEASUREMENT AND MANIPULATION OF MATTER. OUR PHYSICIANS ARE TRAINED IN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY. OUR PHILOSOPHY IS BASICALLY MATERIALISTIC.

                   IN A SIMILAR WAY, OUR APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING THE HUMAN BEING A PRIMARILY PHYSICAL. IT'S ESSENTIALLY BASED ON THE STUDY OF THE BODY, THE PART WE CAN TOUCH, THE MEASURABLE ASPECT OF OUR BEING. THE SCIENTIFIC STUDIES WE FEEL MOST COMFORTABLE WITH ARE THOSE WHICH TREAT WHAT IS OBJECTIVELY OBSERVABLE.WHEN OUR RESEARCH STRAYS FROM THE WORLDOF MATERIAL OBJECTS AND ATTEMPTS THE STUDY OF FEEL A BIT LESS SURE OF OURSELVES, AND THE QUESTION INEVITABLY ARISES, IS THIS REALLY SCIENTIFIC.

             THESE DOUBTS ABOUT THE SCIENTIFIC VALIDY OF NONPHYSICAL STUDIES ARE ESPECIALLY EVIDENT WITH RESPECT TO RESEARCH I PSYCHOLOGY, YET THE MIND IS OBVIOUSTLY ANOTHER REAL LEVEL OF OUR EXISTENCE - ON WITH WHICH WE CANNOT AVOID COMING TO TERMS. THE CONTEMPORARY WESTERNER'S INTEREST IN THE MIND IS EQUALED ONLY BY UNCERTAINLY ABOUT HOW TO APPROACH. IT CAN'T BE DISSECTED OR MEASURED OR PUT IN A BOX. IT CAN'T BE PUT ON SLIDES AND VIEWED UNDER A MICROSCOPE. IT CAN'T BE TESTED WITH ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS.

                 YET OUR SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE ASSURES US THAT THERE IS SUCH A THING OUR THOUGHTS, WE ARE AWARE THAT SOMETHING IS GOING ON INSIDE, AND WE ADMIT, HOWEVER GRUDGINGLY, THAT THE WORKINGS OR OUR MIND ARE IN SOME WAY BEHIND MOST OF WHAT WE DO WITH OUT PHYSICAL BODY AND HOW WE MANIPULATE THE PHYSICAL WORLD.

              YET IN THE WEST WE REMAIN CONFUSED ABOUT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MENTAL REALM AND THE TANGIBLE WORLD. HOW DOES THE PHYSICAL BODY INTERACT WITH THE MIND? THIS IS MORE THAN A THEORETICAL QUESTION. THE PROBLEM OF MIND/BODY INTERACTION IS ONE THAT PLAGUES OUR MEDICAL SCIENTIST AND BAFFLES OUR PSYCHOLOGISTS. WHEN PHYSICIANS FAIL TO ALTER THE PHYSICAL BODY TO THEIR PATIENTS" SATISFACTION, THEY THROW UP THEIR HANDS AND SAY THE PROBLEM MUST BE "PSYCHOLOGICAL". WHEN PSYCHOLOGISTS ARE UNABLE TO HELP PATIENTS REORGANIZE THEIR MENTAL WORLD, THEY SHRUG AND SAY, "PERHAPS YOU SHOULD SEE A MEDICAL DOCTOR TO MAKE SURE THERE'S NOT SOME PHYSICAL PROBLEM HERE". PATIENTS SHUTTLE BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN FRUSTRATED PSYCHOTHERAPISTS AND PUZZLED PHYSICIANS WHILE THE PSYCHOSOMATIC SPECIALISTS WHO WOULD UNDERSTAND THE INTEGRATION OF MIND AND BODY ARE YET TO APPEAR ON THE SCENE.

                 HOW DO THE MIND AND BODY  CONNECT? WESTERN SCIENCE SEEMS TO HAVE RUN INTO A DEAD AND END ON THE QUESTION. BUT THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE EAST, ESPECIALLY THAT OUT OF WHICH THE SCIENCE OF YOGA GREW, OFFER A CONTEXT WITHIN WHICH SOME ANSWERS MAY EMERGE, FOR YOGA INCLUDES THE STUDY OF BOTH THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL REALMS. AND THESE TWO LEVELS OF FUNCTIONING CONSTITUTE ONLY A SMALL PART OF THE TOTAL SPECTRUM OF PHENOMENA ENCOMPASSED IN THE STUDY OF YOGA. 

                     SINCE ANCIENT TIMES YOGA MASTERS HAVE SPENT MANY LONG HOURS GOING WITHIN THEMSELVES, STYDYING AND TRYING TO UNRAVEL THE CONNECTIONS EXISTING BETWEEN THEIR VARIOUS LEVELS OF EXISTENCE. THEY DISCOVERED THAT BESIDES THE PHYSICAL BODY AND THE MIND, THERE ARE HIGHER LEVELS OF FUNCTIONING WHICH ARE ALSO IMPORTANT. FOR INSTANCE, THEY UNCOVERED AND EXPLORED AN AREA OF CONSCIOUSNESS BEYOND THOUGHT, A NONCONCEPTUAL LEVEL OF HEIGHTENED AND BROADENED AWARENESS THAT COULD ONLY BE APPROACHED BY STEPPING OUTSIDE THE ARENA OF OUR EVERYDAY THINKING PROCESS. THE TECHNIQUE OF INWARD ATTENTION WHICH ALLOWS ONE TO EXPLORE THIS LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS IS CALLED MEDITATION.

                  MEDITATION IS A METHOD USED TO DEAL WITH THOSE LEVELS OF HUMAN FUNCTION OPERATING BEYOND THE MIND, WHAT WE MIGHT CALL "HIGHER CONSCIOUSNESS". MEDITATION IS NOT, HOWEVER THE ONLY ASPECT OF YOGA, YOGA ALSO INCLUDES PHYSICAL POSTURES (ASANAS) WHICH TEACH THE PRACTITIONER TO CONTROL, REGULATE, AND BE AWARE OF HIS OR HER PHYSICAL BODY. THEN THERE ARE PRACTICES THAT HAVE TO DO WITH THE MANIPULATION AND REGULATION OF PURELY MENTAL FUNCTIONS - CONCENTRATION, FOR INSTANCE. YOGA UNDERSTANDS THE HUMAN AS A MULTILEVELED BEING, ONE WITH A SERIES OF DISTINCT LEVELS OF EXISTENCE - THE PHYSICAL, THE MENTAL, AND WHAT LIES BEYOND THE MIND.

                 BUT IN OUR DISCUSSION SO FARWE HAVE ONMITTED MENTION OF ANOTHER IMPORTANT LEVEL WHICH LIES BETWEEN THE MIND AND THE BODY, FOR ACCORDING TO YOGA, THE MIND AND THE BODY DO NOT DIRECTLY INTERACT. RATHER, THEY RELATE TO EACH OTHER BY WAY OF AN IBTERMEDIATE LAYER OF FUNCTIONING. THE INDIFFERENCE OF WESTERN SCIENTIST TO THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH AN INTERMEDIATE STATE IS PERHAPS WHY, FOR THEM, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY AND MIND IS SO OBSCURE. THIS MAY BE WHY WE'VE BEEN STUCK WITH A "MIND /BODY DUALISM" WHICH SEEMS TO SPLIT OUR SCIENCE OF MAN ASUNDER, LEAVING IT IN TWO SEPERATE AND IRRECONCILABLE CAMPS, THAT OF THE PSYCHOLOGIST OR HUMANIST, AND THAT OF THE PHYSICAL SCIENTIST OR LABORATORY RESEARCHER.

                   ''HARD-NOSED" SCIENTIST ARE SURE THAT ANYTHING WORTHY OF STUDY OS PHYSICAL AND MATERIAL. IF THEY WISH TO DEAL WITH MAN'S ACTIONS AND BEHAVIOR, THEY LIMIT THEMSELVES TO STUDYING AND MEASURING THE MOVEMENTS OF THE BODY, THE PRODUCTION OF SPEECH, OR AN INDIVIDUAL'S TEST PERFORMANCE. IF THEY THINK OF THEMSELVES PSYCHOLOGISTS, THEY PREFER TO LABEL THEMSELVES BEHAVIORAL SCIENTISTS. THE MIND ITSELT THEY DISMISS, CONCINCED THAT IT IS NOT AMERABLE TO STUDY. THIS SEEMS TO BE A TREND OF THE TIMES, THOUGH IN THE PAST DECADE OR TWO THE "HOLISTIC HEALTH" MOVEMENT HAS BEGUN TO PUSH OPEN THE DOOR TO BROADER AWARENESS - A PORTAL THROUGH WHICH  A HANDFUL OF PIONEERING PHYSICIANS AND RESEARCHERS HAVE BEGUN TO STEP.

 

                   FORTUNATELY IN THE EAST, AND IN PARTICULAR BETWEEN THE PRACTITIONERS OF MEDITATION, THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY AND MIND HAS BEEN THOROUGHLY EXPLORED AND FOUND TO CONSTITUTE AN INTERMEDIATE LINK RELATING THE BODY AND THE MIND. IT HAS ITS OWN PROPERTIES AND ITS OWN TOPOGRAPHY. MOREOVER, IT IS EXPLICITY TAUGHT THAT THIS INTERMEDIATE LEVEL HAS TO DO PRIMARILY WITH ENERGY.