DISCUSS THE WOOD CRAFT WORK IN INDIA
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IN INDIA WOOD CRAFT CONTINUES TO BE DOMINATED BY THE EXPERTISE OF CRAFTSMEN. INTERVENTION OF MACHINES AND THE FACTORIES IN THIS FIELD IS STILL MINIMAL. LIKE THE POTTER ALMOST EVERY VILLAGE HAS ITS CARPENTER. THINGS MADE WITH WOOD ARE WIDELY USED IN DAY-TO-DAY LIFE. IN CERTAIN REGIONS EVEN THE HOUSES ARE MADE WITH WOOD. WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO GIVE YOU THE WHOLE RANGE OF WOOD PRODUCTS BECAUSE OF ITS WIDE PREVALENCE. HOWEVER, WE WILL TRY TO GIVE YOU THE IMPORTANT PRODUCTS AND LIST SOME SELECT CENTERS. HERE WE WILL ALSO INCUDE BAMBOO AND CANE WORKS.
VARIETIES OF WOOD AND CANE WORK : THE MOST WIDELY USED ARTICLES OF WOOD ARE CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, CARTS, ACCESSORIES OF HOUSES AND MAKING THESE ITEMS. AMONG THE AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS PLOUGH IS MOST IMPORTANT. THESE ARE MADE IN VARIOUS SHAPES AND SIZES WITH A SMALL IRON PLOUGHSHARE. BULLOCK CARTS, THE MAIN CARRIES OF GOODS IN RURAL INDIA, ARE AS WIDESPREAD AS PLOUGH IN ALL THE REGIONS EXCEPT HILLS. THE WOOODEN DOORS AND WINDOWS ARE A REGULAR FEATURE. THE UNIQUE FEATURE IS BEAUTIFUL CARVINGS ON THESE WHICH ARE SPECIFIED TO DEVERSE REGIONS. IN SOME REGIONS THE WHOLE HOUSE IS MADE WITH WOOD WHILE IN SOME OTHER FLOORS OR ROOFS WITH SUPPORTING BRACKETS WITH DECORATIVE MOTIFS AND CARVINGS ARE MADE. THE HOUSEHOLD FURNITURES FROM HUGE FOUR POSTER BEDS TO HUMBLE STOOLS HAVE A LARGE VARIETY, SHAPES AND DECORATIVE PATTERNS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. UTENSILS, TRAYS, CUPS, BOXES, CHESTS, ETC. ARE MADE IN A VARIETY OF WAYS.
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THE DECORATION IS DONE MAIL THROUGH CARVING, POLISHING AND INLAY WORK WITH IVORY, BONE OR METALS. WOOD AND BAMBOO WORK IS ALSO PREVALENT THROUGHOUT THE LENGTH AND BREADTH OF THE COUNTRY. MOST IMPORTANT ARTICLES OF BAMBOO AND REEDS ARE MATS AND ROOF THAT CHINGS AND SCREENS (CHIK). BASKET, JARS FOR STORAGE, FURNITURE AND OTHER HOUSEHOLD ITEMS ARE ALSO MADE DEPENDING UPON THE AVAILABILITY OF THE RAW MATERIALS. TOYS AND DECORATIVE ITEMS ARE ALSO MADE .
MAIN CENTRES :
WOOD : IN GUJARAT THE USE OF WOOD IS MAE TO PROVIDE ELEGANCE OF HOUSE. DOORS, WINDOWS AND PILLARS ARE DECORATED WITH CARVINGS. BEAUTIFULLY PROJECTED BALCONIES ARE MADE WITH LATTICE (JALI) AND CARVINGS. SUPPORTIVE BRACKETS BETWEEN WALLS, ROOFS AND ARCHWAYS ARE MADE WITH WOOD AND DECORATED WITH VARIETY OF MOTIFS. IN THE REGION OF KUTCH THE DOORS AND WINDOWS OF HAVELIS ARE BEAUTIFULLY CARVED. HUGE IMAGES OF GOD AND GODDESSES IN WOOD ADORN OF THE HOUSES. KERAL ALSO HAS A TRADITION OF RICH USE OF WOOD IN THE HOUSES CALLED THARVAD.
IN TEMPLE AND CHURCHES, CEILINGS, PILLARS, DOORS AND WINDOWS HAVE REMARKABLE CARVINGS. THE TRADITIONAL HOMES OF NAIR COMMUNITY ARE FAMOUS FOR THEIR WOOD WORK DONE WITH BEST QUALITY TEAK WOOD. LARGE PILLARS IN CORRIDORS, WALL PANELLING, HEAVY DOORS STUDDED WITH BRASS ARE SOME UNIQUE FEATURES OF THESE HOUSES.
KASHMIR STANDS OUT AS A PROMINENT PLACE FOR THE WORKS OF WOOD. THE WIDESCALE USE OF WOOD FOR MAKING HOURSES DATES BACK 11TH AND 12TH CENTURIES. THE WALNUT CENTURY PALACE OF KING ZAIN-UL-ABDIN WAS ALMOST ENTIRELY MADE OF WOOD WITH BEAUTIFUL CARVINGS AND LATTICE WORK. HOUSE BOATS MADE OF WOOD IN ALL SHAPES AND SIZES ARE SPECIAL ITEMS OF KASHMIR. BOWLS, WALL PLATES AND A HOST OF DECORATIVE PIECES MADE OF WALNUT WOOD ARE PRIZED ITEMS.
IN THE RAJOURI REGION OF KASHMIR, A LOCAL VARIETY OF WOOD CALLED CHIKRI IS USED. THIS GRAIN WOOD OF CRAM COLOUR IS USED TO MAKE COMBS, SPOONS AND TOYS OF WOOD ARE MADE. SAHARANPUR IN U.P. IS FAMOUS FOR WOODEN FURNITURES, SCREENS AND DECORATIVE PIECES. ACCORDING TO TRADITION, A FEW FAMILIES FROM KASHMIR HAVE SETTLED HERE AND GAVE IMPETUS TO THIS ART. HERE THE MAIN WOOD USED IS SHISHAM. INLAY OF BRASS, BONES AND IVORY (BEFORE THE BAN ON IT) IN WOOD IN A SPECIAL FEATURES OF SAHARANPUR.
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IN THE SOUTH AVAILABILITY OF SANDALWOOD IN KARNATAKA HAS GIVEN RISE TO THE WOOD CRAFT. BEAUTIFUL CARVIGS ARE DONE HERE. LARGE STATES AND ELEPHANTS AND A HOST OF SMALL PIECES OF ART ARE MADE WITH THIS FRAGRANT WOOD. NEIGHBOURING ANDHRA PRADESH ALSO HAS A FLOURISHING WOOD CRAFT. HERE THE SANDALWOOD USED IS OF RED COLOUR (RAKTA CHANDAN). MADURA IS FAMOUS FOR THE USE OF ROSEWOOOD. THE FURNITURE AND SMALL DECORATIVE PIECES WITH BEST SAMPLES OF CARVINGS ARE APLENTY HERE. SOME OF THE BEST SPECIMENS OF WOOD WORK CAN BE SEEN IN THE DECORATIVE GATEWAYS IN A NUMBER OF TEMPLES IN THE REGION.
HOSHIAPUR, JALANDHAR AND AMRISTAR IN PUNJAB ARE KNOWN FOR FURNITURE AND CARVING IN LOW RELIEF CUT IN GEOMETRIC PATTERNS. RAJASTHAN IS ALSO FAMOUS FOR BOWL AND PLATES MADE WITH ROHIDA WOOD. THESE OBJECTS ARE PAPER THIN. HERE SOME FOLK FIGURES AND DEITIES ARE ALSO MADE. GOA ALSO HAS A GOOD OLD TRADITION OF RICH USE OF WOOD IN DECORATING HOUSES AND MAKING ELEGANT FURNITURE.
THE TRIBAL REGIONS IN INDIA ALSO HAVE THEIR SPECIFIC WOOD WORKS. SPOONS, BOWLS, SMOKING PIPES AND OTHER HOUSEHOLD ITEMS ARE MADE IN ABUNDANCE. NAGALAND IS ONE OF THE PROMINENT PLACE WHERE FINE WOOD-WORK IS DONE. ASSAM ALSO HAS THIS CRAFT WIDELY PRACTICED.
ANOTHER IMPORTANT SKILL IN THE ARE OF WOOD CRAFT IS THE WOOD LACQUER WORK DONE IN BIHAR, ORISSA AND MANY PARTS OF THE SOUTH ESPECIALLY KARNATAKA.
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BAMBOO AND CANE : THE TRIBAL SOCIETIES WITH THEIR DEPENDENCE ON THE FOREST PRODUCTS HAVE DEVELOPED THE ART OF USING BAMBOOS IN VARIOUS FORMS. IN THE NORTH EAST REGION OF INDIA, ASSA IS THE BIGGEST CENTER OF CANE FURNITURE. HERE THE CHAIRS, BASKETS, GARDEN SWINGS AND HOUSEHOLD ITEMS ARE MADE WITH CANE. A VARIETY OF BASKETS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CANE ARE MADE. MATS OF BAMBOO STRAPS ARE QUITE COMMON. IN MIZORAM LONG BASKETS WITH BROAD TOPS AND NARROW TAPERING BOTTOMS ARE MADE. WORKERS IN TEA PLANTATIONS OF ASSAM USE BAMBOO HUTS. SHITALPATI MATS ARE AN EXQUISITE VARIETY OF MATS MADE IN ASSAM. THESE ARE MADE WITH REEDS. BENGAL ALSO MAKES GOOD VARIETY OF MATS. IN TRIPURA THE FINE BAMBOO STRAPS ARE WOVEN IN MATS WITH THE HELP OF COTTON THREADS.
IN KERALA PLACE CALLED PATTAMADAI IS FAMOUS FOR FINE QUALITY OF MATTS. HERE THIN STRANDS OF GRASS ARE WOVEN WITH COTTON THREAD. ANOTHER FINE VARIETY OF MATS IN KERALA IS MADE WITH THE LEAVES OF SCREWPINE PLANT. THE DINING TABLE MATS AND COASTERS IN BRIGHT COLOURS ARE ALSO MADE HERE.
THE BASKETS, HAND FANS AND GRAIN SEPARATORS OF SIKKI GRASS AND BAMBOO ARE MADE IN ALL PARTS OF NORTH INDIA. ANOTHER IMPORTANT ARTICLE MADE IN THESE REGIONS IS SCREEN OR CHIK MADE OF THIN AND THICK STRANDS OF BAMBOO. THE SCREENS MADE FROM THIN STRANDS IS USED IN DOOW WHILE THAT OF THICK FOR OUTDOOR USES. DELHI IS ONE OF THE MAIN CENTERS OF THESE SCREENS MADE WITH THE USE OF COTTOM THREADS.
IN KASHMIR THE BAMBOO REEDS AND A VARIETY OF WILLOW ARE USED FOR MAKING BEAUTIFUL BASKETS AND KANGRIS ARE MADE. THE TOWN OF CHINAR-E SHARIF IS THE MAIN CENTER OF KAGRI MAKING. IN LADAKH CONICAL-SHAPED BASKETS ARE MADE WITH WILLOW AND A LOCAL GRASS. MATS FOR FLOORS ARE ALSO MADE HERE. IN HIMACHAL PRADESH ALSO VARIOUS TYPES OF CANE BASKETS ARE MADE. TAMILNADU IS FAMOUS COR COLOURFUL MATS MADE WITH THIN STRANDS OF REED AND GRASS. CHAIRS AND STOOLS MADE OF SARKANDA VARIETY OF REEDS ARE USED IN DELHI, HARYANA AND U.P. THESE ARE LOCALLY CALLED MOONDHAS. IN BIHA THE MITHILA REGION IS FAMOUS FOR A LARGE VARIETY OF BASKETS, FIGURES, MATS, ETC. MADE WITH A LOCAL GRASS CALLED SIKKI.
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