MUGHALS ARCHITECTURAL

 

                             ARCHITECTURAL STYLE OF THE MUGHALS

                 MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE IS THE STYLE THAT DEVELOPED IN INDIA UNDER THE MUGHAL DYNASTY IN THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES. THIS IS A BLEND OF ISLAMIC, PERSIAN AND INDIAN ARCHITECTURE. TEH BUILDINGS OF MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE REFLECTS NOT ON THE ARCHITECTURAL TECHNIQUES AND WEALTH BUT ALSO THEIR LOVE FOR POETRY, PERSONALITY AND OTHER ARISTIC INCLINATIONS. MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE HAS ITS ORIGIN IN ITS RELIGION, ISLAM. THE CONCEPTS APPARENT IN ISLAM LIKE POWER, PLEASURE AND DEATH ARE REFLECTED IN THE FORTS, DURBARS, MOSQUES, TOMBS, GARDENS AND SO ON.

             EARLY MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE : THE MUGHALS WERE AN INDIAN ISLAMIC DYNASTY WHICH RULED MOST OF NORTHERN INDIA FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE SIXTEENTH TO THE MID-EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE CAME INTO PROMINENCE WITH THE RULE OF BABUR WHO WAS THE FIRST MUGHAL EMPEROR IN INDIA IN 1526. BAHUR'S VICTORY OVER IBRAHIM LODI, INITIATED THE ERECTION OF A MOSQUE AT PANIPAT SUCCEEDED BY ANOTHER CALLED THE BABRI MASJID IN AYODHYA. THE MAQBARA IN BARODA IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE EARLY MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE RELIED ON POST-AND BEAM CONSTRUCTION AND SCARECELY USED ARCHES. SOME GREAT FORTS AND PALACES OF THE EARLY MUGHAL PERIOD CAN BE TRACED IN THE REIGN OF AKBAR (1556-1605) IN AGRA. LAHORE AND FATEPUR SIKRI. MAUSOLEUM TO HUMAYUN IS ANOTHER IMPORTANT SIGNIFIER OF THE EARLY MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE. 

                AKBAR AND MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE : EMPEROR AKBAR WAS THE FIRST MUGHAL RULER DURING WHOSE RULE WE FIND THE EMERGENCE OF WONDERFUL MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE, WHICH RAPIDLY PROGRESSED WITH HIS REIGN. HE BUILD MASSIVELY AND THE STYLE WAS UNIQUE WHICH WAS DEVELOPED IN HIS RULE. MOST OF AKBAR'S BUILDINGS ARE ALMOST ENTIRELY IN RED SANDSTONE, EXEMPTED AT TIMES THROUGH MARBLE INLAY, FATEHPUR SIKRI WHICH IS LOCATED26 MILES WEST AGRA, WAS CONSTRUCTED IN THE LATE 1500 S AND BEARS THE TESTIMONY TO THE ERA OF HIS ROYAL HERITAGE. IN GUJARAT AND MANY OTHER PLACES WE FIND THE PRESENCE OF A STYLE, WHICH IS A BLENDOF MUSLIM AND HINDU CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURE. FATEPUR SIKRI DEFINES AKBAR'S FINEST STYLES OF ARCHITECTURAL BRILLIANCE UNMATCHED IN ELEGANCE AND SPLENDOR.

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                THE SOUTH GATEWAY IS WELL KNOWN, EXCELLING ANY SIMILAR ENTRANCE IN INDIA IN ITS SIZE AND STRUCTURE. THE TOMB OF AKBAR'S FATHER HUMANYUN, AKBAR'S TOMB AT SIKANDRA ARE SOME SUCH FINEST WORK OF ARCHITECTURAL MAGNIFICENCE WHICH BROADLY HIGHLIGHTS THE MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE PROTOTYPES. THE TOMB PLACED IN A GARDEN AT DELHI, HAS AN INTRICATE GROUND PLAN WITH CENTRAL OCTAGONAL CHAMBERS, WHICH IS JOINED BY AN ELEGANTLY FACETED ARCHWAY, SURMOUNTED BY CUPOLAS, KIOSKS, AND PINNACLES RUCTURE OF THE KIND AND OF GREAT VIRTUE.

                       HAHANGIR & MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE : JAHANGIR'S REIGN DURING 1605 - 1627 SAW THE DECLINE IN THE HINDU INFLUENCE ON MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE. JAHANGIR'S REIGN WAS NOTED FOR ARCHITECTURAL WORKS. HIS STYLE BASICALLY WAS PERSIAN LIKE HIS GREAT MOSQUE AT LAHORE, WHICH IS COVERED WITH ENAMELED TILES. AKBAR'S MAUSOLEUM WAS BUILT IN JAHANGIR'S TIME, BUT JAHANGIR'S INTEREST WERE PAINTING JAHANGIR BEAUTIFULLY AROUND SPRING. THE TOMB OF ITIMAD - UD - DAULA COMPLETED IN 1628, WAS BUILD ENTIRELY OF WHITE MARBLE AND COVERED WHOLLY BY PIETRA DURA MOSAIC. THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST RESPLENDENT EXAMPLES OF THAT CLASS OF ORNAMENTATION THAT CAN BE FOUND ANYWHERE. THE SHALIMAR GARDENS AND OTHER PAVILIONS ON THE SHORE OF KASHMIR'S DAL LAKE WAS ALSO MAGNIFICENTLY BUILT BY HIM. THE SHALIMAR BAGH, IS DISTINGUISHED BY A SERIES OF PAVILIONS ON CARVED PILLARS, SURROUNDED BY POOLS WITH SEAT WHICH CAN ONLY BE REACHED BY STEPPING STONES. JAHANGIR WAS THE PERSON WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUGHAL GARDEN. JAHANGIR'S OWN TOMB, I TIMADUDDULAH 'S AND AKBAR'S TOMBS, HAVE NO DOME, MINARATES AND ORNAMENTATION ARE ONLY EVIDENT. 

                        AFTER ITIMAD-UD-DAULAH DIED HIS DAUGHER COMMISSIONED THE CONSTRUCTION IN WHITE MARBLE OF HIS EXQUISTLE TOMB AT AGRA WHICH WAS FINISHED IN 1628. THE TOMB APPEALED DUE TO ITS DECORATION WITH VARIOUS STYLES OF INLAY. THE EXTENSIVE USE OF WHITE MARBLE AS A MATERIAL AND INLAY AS A DECORATIVE MOTIF WERE THE TWO MAJOR INNOVATIONS DISTINGUISHING THE MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE LATER YEARS.  

                          SHAHJAHAN & MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE : MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE REACHED ITS PROTECTION IN SHAHAJAHAN'S REIGN (1627 - 1658). HUMAYUN'S TOMB WAS THE FIRST OF THE TOMBS, WHICH CONTINUED THE SAGA OF THE SUCCESSION OF TOMBS OUT OF WHICH THE TAJ MAHAL IS A MAGNIFICENCE PIECE OF ART. THE RED FORT CONTAINS THE IMPERIAL MUGHAL PALACE, WHICH IS SITUATED IN DELHI, IS AGAIN ONE OF SHAHJAHAN'S EXCELLENCE.  TRADITION AND INNOVATION WAS VERY INTELLIGENTLY REGARDED IN SHAHJAHAN'S ARCHITECTURAL EXTRAVAGANZA. MARBLE, WHICH WAS EASILY AVAILABLE IN RAJASTHAN, WAS USED FOR THE CONSTRUCTIONS. IN THE PALACE FORT FOR OF AGRA, SHAH JAHAN MARBLES WAS USED FOR THE RE-BUILDING OF THE DIWAN-I-AM. THE MOTI MASJID IS HIGHLY REPRESENTATIVE OF PURITY, BALANCE, AND GRACEFULNESS WHICH WAS HIS APPRECIABLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE AGRA FORT.

                  THE JAMA MOSQUE OF DELHI AND THE PEARL MOSQUE OF AGRA ARE REMISCENT OF THE STYLE THAT WAS EMINENT IN MUGHAL ERA. NEAR THE CITY OF OLD DELHI, SHAH JAHAN BUILD A NEW CAPITAL, SHAJJAHANABAD, WITH ITS MAGNIFICENT RED FORT. THE HALL OF PUBLIC AUDIENCE, IN THE FORT CONTAINS THE PEACOCK. THRONE, WHICH CONSISTED ENTIRELY OF JEWELS AND PRECIOUS METALS AND STONES. SHAH JAHAN TOOK TEN YEARS TO BUILD THE CITY, AND OTHER THAN PARTS OF THE WALL AND THREE OF ITS ORIGINAL 14 GATES, THE RED FORT AND THREE MOSQUES HAS SURVIVED THE RAVAGES OF TIME.

                         

             TAJ MAHAL : TAJ MAHAL, IS THE FINEST EXAMPLE OF MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE COMBINING PERSIAN, TURKISH AND INDIAN STYLES. THERE ARE INCRIBED TEXTS FROM THE KORAN ROUND THE TALL DOORWAYS WHICH APPEAR LIKE DESIGNS. THE LETTER 30 FEET OR MORE ABOVE THE LINE OF THE EYE APPEAR TO BE EXACTLY OF THE SAME SIZE AS THOSE A FOOT ABOVE THE FLOOR LEVEL, THIS IS ABSOLUTELY REVALATION OF THE GREAT MASTERY AND PERSPECTIVE OF THE ARTISTS, IT IS MADE IN  WHITE MARBLE. THE TAJ MAHAL IS DESCRIBED AS " A DREAM IN MARBLE " AND THE MOSAIC IS STUDDED WITH ONYX, JASPER, CORNELIAN, MALACHITE, CARBUNCLE, LAPIS LAZULI AND PRECIOUS STONES.

                        

                THE TAJ MAHAL'S APPROXIMATED ESTIMATE IS 32 MILLION RUPEES, BUT IT IS TIMELESS AND PRICELESS DUE TO ITS BEATY VALOR. THE TAJ IS AMONG THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE WORLD, AND CITED AS " JEWEL OF MUSLIM ART IN INDIA AND ONE OF THE UNIVERSALLY ADMIRED MASTERPIECES OF THE WORLD'S HERITAGE".

 

               

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